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  • InalegwuKamauAdole @InalegwuKamauAdole
    2025-09-18 14:36:56 ·

    FRANCE DARK IMAGE

    Some sources claim that France gets ≈ €400-€440 billion per year from its former colonies, especially from those using the CFA franc currency arrangement.

    Others say that France takes “85% of foreign exchange reserves” from certain former colonies under banking rules established with those countries at independence.

    There are also statements that some former colonies “store” large parts of their national reserves with the French treasury or Banque de France.


    Problems / doubts with these figures

    Lack of official sources: These claims mostly come from opinion pieces, media outlets, activist or NGO commentary. Not from peer-reviewed research or official French or African government budget data.

    Ambiguous definitions: Terms like “colonial tax,” “reserves deposited,” “flow of money,” etc. are used loosely; they are often not clearly defined or quantified in verifiable terms.

    Possibility of exaggeration or misinformation: Some articles repeat older claims without solid evidence; numbers vary widely; some are sensational.

    Changes over time: Agreements and monetary systems evolve (some countries are reforming or exiting the CFA franc agreements, etc.), so even if some flows existed historically, they may have changed or diminished.


    Tentative conclusion

    Since there is no reliable documented total amount, I can’t give a definitive “France receives ___ per year” figure from its former colonies. The most common large figures in circulation (like ~€400-440 billion) are likely overestimates or symbolic representations rather than data you can put into a government budget or trade account.


    FRANCE DARK IMAGE Some sources claim that France gets ≈ €400-€440 billion per year from its former colonies, especially from those using the CFA franc currency arrangement. Others say that France takes “85% of foreign exchange reserves” from certain former colonies under banking rules established with those countries at independence. There are also statements that some former colonies “store” large parts of their national reserves with the French treasury or Banque de France. Problems / doubts with these figures Lack of official sources: These claims mostly come from opinion pieces, media outlets, activist or NGO commentary. Not from peer-reviewed research or official French or African government budget data. Ambiguous definitions: Terms like “colonial tax,” “reserves deposited,” “flow of money,” etc. are used loosely; they are often not clearly defined or quantified in verifiable terms. Possibility of exaggeration or misinformation: Some articles repeat older claims without solid evidence; numbers vary widely; some are sensational. Changes over time: Agreements and monetary systems evolve (some countries are reforming or exiting the CFA franc agreements, etc.), so even if some flows existed historically, they may have changed or diminished. Tentative conclusion Since there is no reliable documented total amount, I can’t give a definitive “France receives ___ per year” figure from its former colonies. The most common large figures in circulation (like ~€400-440 billion) are likely overestimates or symbolic representations rather than data you can put into a government budget or trade account.
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  • xtameem @xtameem bir ses eklendi in Oyunlar
    2025-09-18 14:43:55 ·
    FC 26 Manager Career – Features, Challenges & Rewards
    Introduction to FC 26 Manager Career Manager Live Challenges: Dynamic Scenarios and Rewards Experience dynamic management with FC 26’s Manager Live Challenges, where new scenarios and rewards rotate frequently, keeping gameplay fresh and engaging. Enjoy a realistic Manager Market, featuring sackings, poaching, and tactical compatibility, reflecting the unpredictable nature of football...
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  • InalegwuKamauAdole @InalegwuKamauAdole
    2025-09-18 14:46:42 ·
    ❗️Putin confirms more than 700,000 Russian soldiers on the front line of the special military operation zone right now.

    @AussieCossack
    ❗️Putin confirms more than 700,000 Russian soldiers on the front line of the special military operation zone right now. @AussieCossack
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  • InalegwuKamauAdole @InalegwuKamauAdole
    2025-09-18 14:47:04 ·
    News update

    The Malian army is committed to ensuring road safety from terrorists

    General Makan Alassan Diarra, Deputy Chief of Operational Staff of FAMa, confirmed that the army will continue to fight the terrorist acts that have recently occurred in the country. He noted that attacks, including car arson, are filmed and spread on social networks to intimidate the population.

    The general reported on the measures taken to ensure road safety, especially in the Bamako-Kaes section, so that entrepreneurs could work without threat. He stressed the complexity of fighting local groups and noted that the lessons learned will help strengthen the protection of the population and the economy.

    Earlier, Prime Minister General Abdoulay Maiga met with a representative of the Malian Oil Products Specialists Group after an attack on a fuel convoy on the Kayes-Bamako highway. Maiga assured that large-scale measures are being taken to strengthen the security of supply routes and called for compliance with the instructions of the defense and security forces.

    #Mali

    @africaintel
    News update 🇲🇱 The Malian army is committed to ensuring road safety from terrorists General Makan Alassan Diarra, Deputy Chief of Operational Staff of FAMa, confirmed that the army will continue to fight the terrorist acts that have recently occurred in the country. He noted that attacks, including car arson, are filmed and spread on social networks to intimidate the population. The general reported on the measures taken to ensure road safety, especially in the Bamako-Kaes section, so that entrepreneurs could work without threat. He stressed the complexity of fighting local groups and noted that the lessons learned will help strengthen the protection of the population and the economy. Earlier, Prime Minister General Abdoulay Maiga met with a representative of the Malian Oil Products Specialists Group after an attack on a fuel convoy on the Kayes-Bamako highway. Maiga assured that large-scale measures are being taken to strengthen the security of supply routes and called for compliance with the instructions of the defense and security forces. #Mali @africaintel
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  • xtameem @xtameem bir ses eklendi in Oyunlar
    2025-09-18 15:37:42 ·
    Zenless Zone Zero: Nicole Skin-System – Update-Infos
    Kurz nach der Veröffentlichung von CBT 1.5 wurden Insider-Informationen bekannt, wonach die Entwickler an einem neuen Skin-System arbeiten. Als erster spielbarer Charakter erhält Nicole aus Zenless Zone Zero einen exklusiven Skin. Dieses alternative Outfit kann kostenlos erworben werden und bietet Spielern die Möglichkeit, das zentrale Ereignis des kommenden Updates...
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  • xtameem @xtameem bir ses eklendi in Oyunlar
    2025-09-18 15:57:40 ·
    Carry1st Africa Cup: Call of Duty Mobile Finals in Lagos
    The upcoming Carry1st Africa Cup grand finals are set to take center stage in Lagos this weekend, August 30-31, showcasing the continent’s top Call of Duty: Mobile talents. This event is recognized as one of the most significant mobile esports tournaments in Africa, featuring a substantial prize pool of $15,000 and a chance to qualify for the global Call of Duty Mobile World...
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  • iVan @iVan bir fotoğraf eklendi
    2025-09-18 16:04:15 ·
    Hello Africa
    Hello Africa
    Love
    1
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  • xtameem @xtameem bir ses eklendi in Oyunlar
    2025-09-18 16:27:37 ·
    FC 26 Player Career Mode – Archetypes & Origin Stories
    Introduction: Experiencing the Journey of a Lifelong Professional Footballer Headline Additions: Archetypes, Specialisations, and Origin Stories Experience a revamped journey in FC 26’s Player Career mode, featuring an innovative Archetypes progression system. Customize your footballer’s development through Specialisations and Perks, allowing for deeper personalization and unique...
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  • xtameem @xtameem bir ses eklendi in Oyunlar
    2025-09-18 16:38:52 ·
    Valorant Saison 25 : Nouveautés et gifting [Acte 3]
    L’attente touche à sa fin : la nouvelle mise à jour de Valorant, Saison 25, Acte 3, sera bientôt déployée. Riot Games a récemment révélé les nombreuses nouveautés qui enrichiront cette étape cruciale du jeu compétitif. Parmi les nouveautés, la fonctionnalité tant attendue du « gifting...
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  • xtameem @xtameem bir ses eklendi in Oyunlar
    2025-09-18 16:50:37 ·
    Lichtkegel Honkai Star Rail 3.6 – Übersicht & Ranking
    Lichtkegel-Übersicht Mit dem kommenden Update 3.6 in Honkai Star Rail werden vier neue Lichtkegel eingeführt, die als besondere Waffen für temporäre Charaktere dienen. Diese Gegenstände sind einzigartig und können von Spielern während des Patches als Ausrüstung genutzt werden, sofern die jeweiligen Charaktere kompatibel sind. Die Zugehörigkeit eines...
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